In the Book of Job, ha-satan (the Accuser) challenges Yahweh's servant Job's faithfulness. Yahweh permits Satan to test Job, establishing Satan's role as adversarial prosecutor under divine authority.
Satan operates under Yahweh's authority as the Accuser (ha-satan). In Job 1-2, Satan can only act against Job with Yahweh's explicit permission.
The Germanic Devil (der Teufel) derives from the Christian Satan, itself rooted in the Hebrew ha-Satan. Germanic folklore transformed the adversary into a trickster-tempter figure central to the Faust tradition.
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