Shinran founded Jōdo Shinshū on the radical teaching that even the nembutsu is not human effort but Amida's own call to faith. His theology of absolute other-power made Amida's compassion the sole source of salvation.
Shinran was Hōnen's most devoted disciple. Hōnen taught exclusive nembutsu practice; Shinran radicalized this by teaching that even faith itself is Amida's gift, not human effort. Together they founded the two largest Pure Land schools in Japan.
Shinran taught that rebirth in the Jōdo comes entirely through other-power, not human effort. His Jōdo Shinshū made the Pure Land accessible even to those who considered themselves too sinful for salvation.
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