Toyouke, the great food goddess of Ise's Outer Shrine, was identified with Inari by medieval Watarai theologians who wove the grain deities into a single divine lineage, linking the harvest kami of Fushimi to the ancient provider of sacred offerings at Ise.
⚠ The Toyouke-Inari identification is primarily a Watarai Shinto construction (Shintō Gobusho, 13th c.). Mainstream Ise tradition and Fushimi Inari Taisha treat them as distinct kami.
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