The Orkhon inscriptions invoke Umay alongside Tengri as protectress of the Turkic people. While Tengri grants the mandate to rule, Umay ensures fertility, protects children, and guards the life-force of the nation.
The Orkhon Inscriptions established the theology of divine mandate that Genghis Khan would later claim. These ancient stone monuments contain the earliest written references to Tengri granting sovereignty to great rulers.
The Orkhon inscriptions (early 8th century CE) contain the earliest written references to Tengri. The formula 'Tengri above ordained it' establishes Tengri as the supreme authority who raises up and casts down rulers.
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