Juno Moneta kept watch over the Capitoline Hill from her temple on the arx, and when the Gauls scaled the cliffs by night in 390 BCE, her sacred geese raised the clamor that roused the garrison and saved the citadel from capture.
Jupiter Optimus Maximus reigned from the summit of the Capitoline Hill, where his great temple — the largest and most sacred in Rome — crowned the citadel and received the laurels of every triumphal procession.
When the Gauls scaled the cliffs of the Capitoline Hill by night in 390 BCE, Marcus Manlius Capitolinus was the first Roman roused by Juno's sacred geese. He hurled the lead climber from the rock and held the summit until reinforcements arrived, saving the last Roman stronghold from capture.
Numa Pompilius established many of the religious rites performed on the Capitoline Hill, including the institution of the flamines and the sacred calendars that governed worship at Jupiter's temple.
Romulus established an asylum on the Capitoline Hill to attract settlers to the new city of Rome, and dedicated the first spolia opima at the temple of Jupiter Feretrius on its summit.
Saturn settled upon the Capitoline Hill when he first arrived in Italy as an exile from heaven, and later Romans built his temple at its foot where the hill met the Forum, housing the state treasury in its vaults.
The Sibylline Books were stored in a stone vault beneath the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill, guarded by a priestly college until the temple's destruction by fire in 83 BCE.
Tarpeia, daughter of the Capitoline's garrison commander, opened the citadel gates to the Sabine king Titus Tatius during his war with Romulus. The Sabines crushed her beneath their shields for her treachery, and the cliff on the Capitoline Hill from which traitors were thereafter hurled bore her name — the Tarpeian Rock.
Tarquinius Superbus completed and dedicated the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill, a project begun by his father. The temple was inaugurated in the first year of the Republic after Tarquin's expulsion.
Terminus's most famous shrine stood within the Temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill, where it remained after the god refused to be moved during the temple's construction. An opening was left in the roof so his stone could see the sky, as Terminus could only be worshipped under open air.
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