Hora Quirini stands beside her husband Quirinus in the heavens, the mortal wife who followed her deified husband into godhood and shares his celestial dwelling for eternity.
Ancient Roman sources, including Servius, identified Quirinus as the peaceful aspect of Mars — Mars Quirinus represented the god in his civic and agricultural role, contrasted with Mars Gradivus the warrior.
⚠ Servius and Varro identify Quirinus as Mars's civic aspect, but the dominant tradition (Livy, Ovid, Plutarch) treats Quirinus as the deified Romulus — an independent deity who merely shared Mars's warlike character. Dumézil argued Quirinus was always a separate third-function deity in the archaic triad.
After vanishing in a storm on the Campus Martius, Romulus was deified as the god Quirinus. He appeared to Proculus Julius commanding the Romans to worship him under this name.
⚠ The Romulus-Quirinus identification dominates literary sources (Livy, Ovid, Plutarch), but Servius and Varro identify Quirinus as a peaceful aspect of Mars, and Dumézil argued Quirinus was an independent archaic deity predating the Romulus legend.
Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus formed the Archaic Triad, the earliest supreme Roman divine trio served by the three major flamines before the Capitoline Triad replaced them.
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